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US-China Tariff War Could Spur Shifts in LNG Trade Flows

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Global flows of LNG could face significant shifts if the US-China trade war persists. Chinese imports of US LNG have ground to a halt as buyers there resell or swap contracted cargoes to buyers in Europe and other high-value markets. But analysts are also reassessing China's immediate demand outlook for gas given the recessionary impacts of US tariffs, domestically and globally, even as US President Donald Trump this week appeared to soften his stance on his disruptive trade policies. Other Asian countries, meanwhile, are jockeying to position themselves as potential buyers or investors in US LNG, which could be a key bargaining chip in trade negotiations. While China is the world's largest importer of LNG and the US is the largest exporter, LNG trade between the two has been modest to date. In 2024, China accounted for only about 5% of US LNG exports and the US supplied about the same percentage of Chinese imports, according to shipping analytics firm Kpler. Those volumes are set to grow substantially in the coming years, with China's contracted US volumes due to jump by almost 13 million tons per year in 2026-30, up from 5.7 million tons/yr contracted this year. However, Kpler data shows no US cargoes reaching Chinese shores since mid-February. The trade war has already pushed Chinese buyers closer to non-US LNG suppliers. This week, Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. (Adnoc) signed an LNG deal with China National Offshore Oil Corp., China’s largest LNG importer — the third such sales and purchase agreement between Adnoc and a Chinese buyer in recent days following previous deals with Zhenhua Oil and ENN. Trump conceded on Tuesday that the 145% tariffs he has imposed on China — prompting Beijing's 125% retaliatory fees on US goods — are "very high" and will "come down substantially" but "won’t be zero."

Topics:
Tariffs, LNG Trade, LNG Supply, LNG Contracts, Gas Demand, LNG Projects, LNG Demand, Trade
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